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Maria Angelica

escape the ordinary

Topik Pilihan [Preventative Medicine]

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Pentingnya Vaksinasi Panleukopenia Pada Kucing

Maria Angelica Maryatmo
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Dewasa ini, masih banyak pet owneryang belum mengerti betapa pentingnya vaksin panleukopenia atau distemper bagi hewan kucing. Vaksin merupakan bahan antigenik yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan kekebalan terhadap suatu penyakit, pada kasus ini contohnya panleukopenia pada kucing. Vaksinasi panleukopenia dilakukan untuk mencegah pengaruh infeksi virus panleukopenia yang menyebabkan penurunan sel darah putih / leukosit. Vaksin mengandung agen yang menyerupai mikroorganisme penyebab penyakit dan sering dibuat dari mikroba yang dilemahkan atau mati, dari toksinnya, atau dari salah satu protein permukaannya. Vaksin kemudian diinjeksikan ke dalam tubuh hewan supaya sistem imun tubuh dapat mengenali dan mengingat virus tersebut, sehingga saat virus yang sama/ mirip akan menyerang, sistem pertahanan tubuh sudah siap bekerja. 

Panleukopenia adalah penurunan sel darah putih/leukosit yang disebabkan oleh feline panleukopenia virus.Pada kasus panleukopenia, kucing yang terserang penyakit ini 85 % akan mati jika tidak tepat penanganannya. Panleukopenia bukanlah penyakit zoonosis, namun dapat menular ke kucing lain melalui cairan tubuh, terbawa benda, gigitan kutu, dan lain lain. Selain itu, virus panleukopenia dapat bertahan selama 1 tahun, vaksin sangat berperan penting dalam memberantas kasus distemper ini. Tidak ada salahnya ketika memelihara kucing, kita memberikan preventative medicinepada kucing yaitu vaksinasi untuk mempersiapkan antibodi spesifik tersbut untuk melawan penyakit yang biasa terjadi. Sebaiknya vaksinasi panleukopenia dilakukan saat kucing berumur 3 bulan, 4 bulan dan kemudian diulang setiap 1 tahun sekali. 

Kekebalan kucing yang diterima dari induknya melalui susu akan mulai berkurang ketika berumur 8-9 minggu, sehingga kucing perlu divaksinasi. Vaksinasi akan memberikan antibodi bagi kucing. Setelah diimunisasi, antibodi kucing akan naik. Tapi suatu saat, antibodi itu akan turun lagi. Pada saat antibodi turun atau hampir habis, harus dilakukan vaksinasi lagi agar antibodi yang turun itu bisa kembali baik. Itulah mengapa, vaksinasi ulangan sangat penting. Kalau tidak, antibodi dalam tubuh kucing akan habis atau berkurang, sehingga kemungkinan hewan terserang penyakit akan lebih besar. Seperti yang sudah saya sebutkan sebelumnya, vaksin merupakan virus yang dilemahkan. Maka dari itu, vaksin tidak boleh diberikan pada kucing yang masih dibawah 3 bulan, karena ia belum memiliki sistem imun yang cukup untuk menerima bibit penyakit tersebut. Adapun syarat dilakukan vaksinasi pada kucing yaitu hewan harus sehat, nafsu makan baik, tidak demam, sudah melalui masa adaptasi 1-2 minggu, tidak batuk, pilek, bersin, muntah ataupun diare, tidak ada masalah kulit, infeksi dan cacingan. Setelah divaksin, kucing tidak boleh dimandikan selama seminggu. Mandi bisa jadi kegiatan yang dapat memicu stress, sehingga setelah vaksin dapat menurunkan daya tahan tubuhnya dan menghambat pembentukan antibodinya. Pemberian vitamin selama 10 hari pasca vaksinasi, dapat membantu pembentukan kekebalan tubuh secara optimal. Virus panleukopenia kucing tidak boleh diberikan kepada kucing yang sedang hamil karena dapat menyebabkan hipoplasia otak kecil pada anak-anaknya.

Virus panleukopenia menyerang saluran digesti pada kucing dan memicu ulkus peptikum atau tukak lambung. Akibatnya, terjadi diare yang berdarah, dehidrasi, malnutrisi, anemia, dan bahkan kematian. Selain itu, jumlah sel darah putih juga berkurang, sehingga sistem kekebalan tubuh melemah. Kemudian jumlah hematokrit dan platelet turut berkurang. Tetapi hal hal tersebut bukanlah faktor kematian kucing yang terbesar. Bisa jadi itu sedikit memengaruhi, namun gejala tersebut keluar karena tidak ada recoverydari antibodi dari hewan kucing. Jika ada antibodi yang melindungi pasti semua fungsi dari masing masing leukosit akan berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Dan untuk kegagalan vaksin tidak selalu terjadi karena kesalahan dari vaksinnya tetapi dari individual hewan masing masing. Maka dari itu jika ingin melakukan vaksinasi, pastikan benar hewan tersebut berada dalam kondisi tubuh yang baik dan telah melewati semua pemeriksaan fisik dalam pengawasan dokter hewan. Gejala-gejala lain meliputi depresi, lemah, lesu, hilangnya nafsu makan, demam, muntah, kulit tidak lagi elastis akibat dehidrasi, dan perilaku menggigit ekor, punggung belakang, dan kaki belakang sendiri. Sebagian besar kucing yang terinfeksi lalu kemudian mati karena dehidrasi yang disebabkan oleh diare atau infeksi sekunder yang dipicu oleh kelemahan sistem kekebalan tubuh. 

 
Ilustrasi distemper pada kucing
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Usually when people ask me where I come from, they don't exactly know Indonesia. But when I say Bali, who doesn't know about Bali right? In this article I will talk about another paradise in Indonesia called Labuan Bajo based on my experience. Not many people know that today Labuan Bajo has flourished to become a gate away to many exotic destinations in Indonesia.

















Labuan Bajo is a city that located in Komodo Island, East Nusa Tenggara. It is the perfect place for travellers who want to seek true nature away from the crowd, and the most important thing is, way more cheaper than Bali.




You can book a flight from Denpasar (DPS) Bali to Labuan Bajo (LBJ) around IDR 1.000.000 or $70. You will arrive in komodo international airport that located in the main island. Komodo island is an archipelago, they only have restaurants, hotels, and accomodation in the main island. You can go to your hotel by taxi or motorcycle taxi if you don't bring a heavy suitcase. Online transportation hasn't reached this region yet. Locals provide the taxi, no need to be scared to talk to the locals, they're friendly and they can provide you accomodations, tour, and else. Actually the distance from the airport to the hotel is not far but the road is bumpy. I booked a boatel (hotel in a boat) called Le Pirates in Sudirman Street. If you dont want to sleep in the boatel, you can book a room in the land, so basically they have 2 places, land hotel and boatel. For just only $40-$60 per night, you can experience relaxing sensation, natural pool which is the sea, and the best part is sunrise/sunset there. You have to go to the boatel by a shuttle boat (free), there's a schedule for it. While waiting, usualy Le pirates provide a movie to watch on the rooftop. They also have a restaurant on the second floor. About the boat, it has 2 floors, the first floor is for guest rooms, and the second floor is the restaurant and bar. But I found it was kinda boring if you stay too long in the boat, so I decided to explore the island. I rented a motorcycle for IDR 70.000 / $5 per day and just wandering through the bitumen road. There's a village behind all of the gleaming tourism spots, which you can find a lot of balinese cattle run around the field without any fence.




As I mentioned before, you can book a tour by asking the locals. Its way more cheaper than the internet. I booked a one day trip IDR 450.000 ($32) to Menjerite Island, Padar Island and the National Conservation of Komodo Dragon. You can also choose other destinations such as Gili Lawa, Kelor Island, Batu Cermin, Wae Cicu, Wae Rebo, and else. It also includes lunch, snorkeling tools, and coffee break.

First destination that I want to share with u is Menjerite Island. I went there to snorkle, like legit it was the best snorkeling experience of mine. The corals are still not damaged, colorful, and you can swim along with a lot of small fishes hahah i felt like a mermaid for a moment. I didn't take any picture underwater because unfortunately i don't have underwater camera, but I attached a picture from liburpedia-travel.com. Also watch out the shallow part of the sea if you don't want to get scratched by the coral.



Next destination is Padar Island. I recommend to y'all. You S H O U L D go there, I'm dead serious. Padar Island is famous for the beautiful view from the top of the hills. So u have to hike first. No need to worry, the road is tourist-friendly : Stairs. It's safe from komodo dragon as long as you did not cross the borders. It took me around 1 hour to hike back and forth. It was tiring of course, but when you reach the top, you'll forget all of the sweat u gained and just wow. 






















Last destination to wrap up the trip was National Conservation of Komodo Dragon. Entrance fee was not included in the trip. For foreigner, you have to pay IDR 150.000 or $11. You will be guided and given a lot of information about komodo dragon along the way. There are 3 routes you can choose in national conservation of komodo dragon : Near, Medium, Far. I chose the medium one. it took around 1 hour of escapade through the woods, and then hike the hill and walk down back to the entrance gate. You can see a lot of komodo dragon there, that includes the babies. Tho it's still a baby, it can run very fast. Don't get yourself too close to the komodo dragon, it can kill you with only their saliva. There are 5000 komodo dragons spread all over the island. You are not allowed to go alone, and do not let yourself get separated from the group.







About the details, like the food there, it's way more cheaper than in Bali. I bought fried rice in a bowl of coconut IDR 20.000 = $1.5 only. I really like spicy / strong seasoned food so i think this might not fulfil my desire haha. The food there is mild, but if you like strong food like me, you can come by an Italian restaurant in Sudirman Street, I'm sorry I forgot the name but it was good. Actually I was disappointed because I just have 3 days there, tho I really want to explore more. There's a one place that famously known for its beauty and its authenticity named Wae Rebo, but it's far and so hard to reach. around 8 hours by car, and it has bumpy road. If you're a traveller, i think it's the perfect destination to explore. You can ask the locals and they will guide you there.
I think that's all bout Labuan Bajo from me, go out and explore more ^^





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Maria Angelica.

Currently studying in Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University.

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